Brick-kiln



F. MUNHOLLON.

BRICK KILN- APPLLCATION FILED DEC.29, 1919.

l/VVE/VTOR B E U55- W -L A TTU/F VfXS Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

4 SHEETSSHEET l.

- F. MUNHOLLON.

BR ICK KILN. APPLlCATlON FILED uzcxze. 1919.

1,375,719 Patented Apr.26,1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- F. MUNHOLLON.

BRICK KILN. APPLICATION FILED 050.29, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

73M MMJKJZ Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

'F. MUNHOLLON. 7

BRICK mu. 7 APPLICATION FILED DEC. 29 I919.

Tr uma Apr. 2s,-1921.".

. I 4 snEns-susrf 4; \D

PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK MUNHOLLON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

BRIGK-KILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

Application filed December 29, 1919. Serial No. 348,141.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK MUNHoLnoN,

residing at Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of this invention is to provide a brick kiln having a simple economical arrangement of hot air flues adapted to heat the ware evenly throughout the entire kiln; more specifically it is contemplated to provide for the passages leading to-the ware having the areas of their discharge openings varied with relation to the distance from the fireplaces, in such a manner that the circulation of the heated gases shall be more even throughout the ware; that is, these passages and openings allow a greater volume of the heated gases to reach the ware at points where the gases are most reduced in temperature, and conversely a smaller amount of heated gases reach the ware at points where the gases are the hottest. The result is that the curing of the ware is accomplished evenly and more economically throughout the entire kiln.

My invention is hereinafter more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the essential characteristics thereof are summarized in the claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section through a circular kiln embodying a preferred form of my invention;

Fi 2 is a horizontal sectional plan view of the kiln taken just below the floor or deck upon which the ware rests; Fig. 3 is a similar sectional plan, a portion of which illustrates the floor and the other portion the arrangement of the passages immediately below the floor. The planes of Figs. 2 and 3 are indicated by the lines 2--2 and 3--3 respectively of Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical section taken at right angles to the plane ofFig. 1.

Describing the parts by the use of reference characters, the numeral 1 indicates the body of the kiln shown as cylindrical, with a domed top 2, and extending considerably below the surface of the ground and resting on a base designated 3. At various points around the body of the kiln are provided furnaces shown at 5, 6, 7 and 8, each provided with a suitable grate 9 over an ashpit asmay be arranged by preference. These may be constructed in any preferred manner; as shown the inner c'nds of the grates are carr1ed by vertical brick walls 10 extend- 111g upwardly from the base 3 and forming the back wall of the fireplace or furnace. Above the fireplace is provided a slab 12 resting at its inner end on a brick wall 13 r1s1ng from the base 3, whereby the upper end of wall 10 forms the rear of the fireplace, while between the walls 10 and 13 a passage 15 is provided, through which the hot gases may pass downwardly to an annular passage 16 shown as extending entirely around the base of the furnace a short distance inwardly from the inner face of the cylindrical wall 1. The outer wall of the passage 16 is preferably formed by an annulus of brick 17 rising from the base 3 to the brick floor 20. The inner wall is formed of arcuate sections of brick designated 18, spaced inwardly from the annulus 17 and leavmg openings of varied areas between the several sections 18, whereby the gases may communicate with parallel passages 22, 23 and 24:, extending transversely of the kiln and formed by walls of brick or like material rising from-the base 3, and designated 25.

The passages 22, 23 and 24 are closed at the top preferably by horizontal brick 26 resting upon shoulders formed by thickened portions of the walls 25. These brick 26 are spaced apart carefully arranged distances as will b noted in the right hand portion of Fig. 3, that is, near the side wall adjacent the furnaces 5 and 7, it will be noted that the spaces between the brick arecomparatively narrow, while at a distance toward the center the spaces between these bricks are shown as wider, and again when opposite the furnace 6 and over passages formed by openings 30 through the walls 25, which openings form a radial passage from the furnace 6 to the center of the kiln, the brick 26 are set more closely together.

Above the bricks 26 beneath the floor are formed passages 32 allowing still further distribution of the heated gases, spreading them to the various openings 40 formed between the bricks of the floor 20, thus the entire floor 20 may be covered with ware properly stacked and the heated gases may reach all points of this ware.

In the dome-shaped top 2 is shown a short outlet or chimney 50 provided with a damper 51. Disposed centrally of the kiln is a down-take passage or well 60 formed of suitable tile or brick walls built upwardly from below the base 3 to the floor 20 and communicating with a horizontal passage 62 leading to a stack designated (Fig. a). The annular passage 16, through which the greater volume of the gases pass to the distributing passages, is formed immediately above the base 3, while substantially half way between the base and the floor are series of spaced brick 26 having very slight openings between them allowing certain portions of the gases to pass upwardly to the floor and thence through the passages 40 in the floor at points not otherwise conveniently reached by the distributing passages, but the spaces between the brick 26 are just suflicient to allow an amount of heat to reach the floor in substantial equality with that distributed to the floor other points. The operation of the furnace thus described is as follows:

Assume that the kiln is charged with ware and that fire is built in each of the furnaces, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The hot gases from the furnaces 5 and 7 pass upwardly over the baiile wall 10, downwardly through the passages 15, and outwardly therefrom in three directions. The greater part of these gases flow each way from the lower end of this passage 15 to the passage 16, and a portion of these gases goes through comparatively nar row openings 16 and through the central transverse passage formed by the openings 30. Some of the gases in the passage 241 may pass outwardly through openings 24c communicating with the passage 23. The gases entering the passage 16 from the fur naces 5 and 7 naturally tend to seek the shortest path to the outlet namely, the openings in the floor, so that a portion thereof enters the comparatively narrow opening into the passages 23; an approximately equal amount enters the openings at the ends of the pas sages 22 which are made progressively wider in proportion to the distances from the furnaces. The hot gases led from the furnaces 6 and 8 through the passages .15 are also distributed in three ways; a part of them through openings 16, which as stated are in line with openings 30 in the walls 25, while the greater portions of them flow each way into the annular passage 16 and thence into the openings at the ends of the passages 22. A study of the passages and openings and flow of the gases as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2 will. indicate the even distribution from each of the furnaces to an alloted area of the floor. The gases from each of the passages just mentioned pass upwardly between the bricks 26, as well. as between the bricks 26 above the passage 16, and thence through the openings in the floor which are preferably substantially of equal size and extend throughout the entire area of the floor in rows parallel with the passages 22, 23 and 24:. The circulation in the ware may be regulated to bring the heat up wardly by opening the damper 51 at the top of the kiln, or a damper, as at 66, leading into the stack may be regulated to govern the flow of air downwardly through the well 60 and passage 62, as is customary in this type of kiln.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A brick kiln having a series of furnaces spaced about the outer wall thereof, a floor having substantially uniform space therein, transverse passages beneath the floor, and passages connecting these transverse passages with the furnaces, and having openm s into the transverse passages varied in sizb with relation to the distance from the furnaces.

2. In a brick kiln the combination of a series of furnaces spaced about the kiln and passages for leading the gases to the interior of the kiln, passages leading around the kiln beneath the floor and adjacent to the outside wall of the kiln, passages extending inwardly toward the center of the kiln and having openings communicating with the last named passages, said openings being progressively lar er in proportion to distanoe of such openings from the furnaces.

3. In a brick kiln the combination of a series of furnaces placed around the outside thereof, a floor having openings therethrough, passages beneath the floor leading from the furnaces, and covers for said passages beneath the floor and spaced therefrom, said covers being provided with openings of progressively increasing area as the distance of such openings from the furnaces increases.

l. In a brick kiln the combination of a furnace, a floor for the ware having openings therethrough, passages beneath the flOOr communicating with the furnace and said passages, and having discharge openings beneath the floor, the entrances to said passages being made progressively larger as the path of the gases from the furnace becomes longer.

5. In a brick kiln the combination of a furnace, a floor for the ware having openings therethrough, passages beneath the floor communicating with the furnace and said passages, and having discharge openings beneath the floor, the area of said discharge openings being made progressively larger as the path of the gases from the furnace becomes longer.

6. In a brick kiln, the combination of an annular side wall, a floor, a base beneath the floor, a plurality of furnaces spaced around the side wall, an annular passage communicating with each furnace and extending around the kiln beneath the floor,

passages leading toward the center of the kiln and communicating with the annular passages, the openings from the annular passages into the inwardly leading passages being varied in area with relation to the dis tance of such openings from the furnaces, and openings progressively varied in area for discharging gases from said passages against the lower side of the floor.

1. In a brick kiln, the combination of a side wall, a plurality of furnaces, of an annular passage, beneath the floor and spaced from the side wall, a series of parallel passages leading from the annular passage, said parallel passages having openings discharging upwardly toward the floor, said passages and openings being arranged so that the flow of hot gases is restricted but allowed to flow more freely farther from the furnaces.

8. In a brick kiln, the combination of a side wall, a top, a base supporting the side wall, a floor for supporting the ware positioned a considerable distance above the base, and having rows of openings therethrough for admitting hot gases to the ware, and parallel walls spaced inwardly from the side wall of the kiln and forming a passage around the inside of said wall beneath the floor, a series of transverse walls leading from the inner of said parallel walls and having thickened portions beneath the floor, transverse members resting on said thickened portions and forming passages, said members being spaced apartvarying distances to accomplish distribution of the gases, there being openings from the annular passages into said transverse passages and openings into the annular passage for admission of hot gases.

9. A brick kiln comprising a side wall, a base supporting the same, a top for the kiln, a floor for supporting the ware spaced above the base, annular and transverse walls rising from the base beneath the floor and brick carried by said walls intermediate the base and floor, and forming passages spaced below the floor, said brick being spaced apart unequally and comprising a substantially horizontal partition whereby a selective distribution of gases passing therethrough is obtained.

10. A brick kiln comprising an annular side wall, a series of furnaces in said side wall having downwardly extending passages, a base supporting the side wall, a floor above the base, vertical walls rising from the base beneath the floor, an annular passage within the side wall communicating with the furnaces, transverse passages formed by said walls beneath the floor, openings from the annular passage into the transverse passages, and cover members forming tops for the annular and transverse passages and having openings therethrough whereby gases may pass from the furnaces to the floor, said floor having openings admitting said gases to the ware, all of said openings except those in the floor being made progressively larger as the furnaces becomes longer.

11. In a brick kiln, the combination of a furnace, a floor for the ware having substantially uniform openings therethrough, a partition spaced below and parallel to said floor having openings of unequal size therethrough.

12. In a brick kiln, the combination of a series of furnaces substantially equally spaced around the outside thereof, a floor having openings therethrough, a horizontal partition below the floor and spaced therefrom by vertical partitions forming a plurality 0f passageways and openings distributed throughout the horizontal partition increasing in size as their distance from the furnaces increases.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto affix my signature. 1

FRANK MUNHOLLON.

the path of the gases from v 

